O, anthu olimba mtima a ku Indo-European ajaGulu la anthu akale limeneli, lomwe lili pafupi zaka 4,000 zapitazo m'mapiri a udzu ku Eurasia, kumpoto kwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi ya Caspian, linatipatsa chilankhulo cha Chingerezi—osati chokha wathu chilankhulo koma pafupifupi onse aku Europe ndi India.
Ndiye chilankhulocho chinakhala bwanji Kodi mtundu wa abusa oyendayenda womwe unayamba kulamulira dera lalikulu chonchi? Yankho lake ndi akavalo—ndi kusintha kwa majini a anthu.
Mapu olembedwa ndi Louis Henwood a Mbiri ya Podcast ya Chingerezi
Mahatchi anali achikhalidwe ku madera a udzu aku Europe, ndipo anthu aku Indo-European ankawagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyama—poyamba. Koma munthu wina wanzeru (komanso wolimba mtima) anaganiza kuti akavalo akhoza kukwera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito poweta nkhosa ndi ng'ombe. Atakwera pamahatchi, anthu aku Indo-European anapeza kuti amatha kulera ndi kulamulira magulu akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu a ziweto.
Mzimu wina wowala unazindikira kuti m'malo mopha mbuzi kapena nkhosa zambiri kuti adye, akanatha kusunga zina ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wawo. Mwamwayi, lingaliro limenelo linagwirizana ndi kufalikira kwa jini yolakwika—kusintha komwe kunapanga lactase, enzyme yomwe imathandiza anthu kugaya mkaka.
Motero, ziwetozo zinakula—monga momwe anthu a mafuko anachitira, omwe anakula ndi kukula. Kuchuluka kwa ziweto ndi anthu kunapangitsa kuti pakhale malo ambiri oti anthu azisowa —ndipo motero anayamba ulendo wopita kummawa ku India ndi kumadzulo ku Ulaya.
Mapu olembedwa ndi Louis Henwood a Mbiri ya Podcast ya Chingerezi
Ndipo ngati inu Kodi anali kuwalepheretsa? Eya, anali ndi akavalo—ndipo inu simunali—kotero mutha kuganiza kuti ndani analandira dzikolo. Komabe, akatswiri a mbiri yakale sakudziwa momwe mafuko a ku Indo-Europe analiri ankhondo ngati ankhondo, kaya nthawi zonse ankagonjetsa kapena nthawi zina amakhala mwamtendere. Mwina onse awiri.
Komabe zinachitika, A Indo-European anayamba kulamulira anthu okhala m'maiko awo atsopano. Chilankhulo chawo chinapitirira kufalikira kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa zaka zikwi zambiri ndi makilomita zikwizikwi, kusintha kukhala zilankhulo zosiyana ... ndipo pamapeto pake kukhala zilankhulo zosiyana, kuphatikizapo zilankhulo zoyambirira za Chijeremani, kholo lathu.
Izi zikutanthauza chiyani, Chodabwitsa n'chakuti masiku ano pafupifupi 50% ya anthu padziko lonse amalankhula chilankhulo chochokera ku Indo-European—3 biliyoni—onsefe timachokera ku fuko lakale la abusa oyendayenda!
* izi—ndi zina zambiri—zikupezeka pa podcast yabwino kwambiri ya Kevin Stroud, Mbiri ya Podcast ya Chingerezi. Chonde tengani sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri (kapena mwezi umodzi kapena ziwiri) kuti mumvetsere magawo ake opitilira 50. Stroud ndi wowonetsa nkhani wodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo wapanga mbiri yosangalatsa komanso yatsatanetsatane ya chifukwa chake chilankhulo chathu chopusa, Chingerezi, chili momwe chilili. Ngati mumakonda mbiri yakale ndi Chingerezi, mudzakhala okonda kwambiri. Ine ndine wokonda.
Onaninso mamapu okongola omwe Stroud amagwiritsa ntchito—awiri mwa iwo ali pano. Anapangidwira iye ndi Louis Henwood. Zikomo kwa Kevin ndi Louis chifukwa cha chilolezo chawo chowagwiritsa ntchito.